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This Clinical Puzzle article describes our current knowledge of chronic otitis media and the existing research models for this condition

The production of functional antipneumococcal antibodies in otitisprone children demonstrates that they respond to the current pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)and are likely to respond to pneumolysin-based vaccines as effectively as healthy children.

Our findings are in line with a number of epidemiological studies which show a positive association between breastfeeding and OM in early childhood

Conserved vaccine candidate proteins from S.pneumoniae induce serum and salivary antibody responses in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children with history of OM

Identified dominant PCR-ribotypes common to geographically disparate Australian paediatric populations

Otitis media (OM) starts within weeks of birth in almost all Indigenous infants living in remote areas of the Northern Territory (NT).

Otitis media (OM) is a common disease in early childhood characterised by inflammation of the middle ear.

This study was the first to concurrently identify middle ear pathogens in both bacterial biofilm and intracellularly in the middle ear mucosa of children and to identify extensive DNA stranding in the MEF from children with AOM

We identified several novel candidate genes which warrant further analysis in cohorts matched more precisely for clinical phenotypes.

Both bacteria and viruses play a role in the development of acute otitis media, however, the importance of specific viruses is unclear.